Aspergers Syndrome Essay - 1752 Words

Hans Asperger, a pediatrician from Austria, began to study a group of children at his clinic in 1944. He noticed that the young boys he was studying were clumsy, lacked social skills, and did not understand nonverbal communication. Asperger’s syndrome (AS), named after Doctor Hans Asperger, is a developmental disorder. Research by Woodbury-Smith and Volkmar (2009), claim that AS was originally thought of as a less severe form of Autism, in which the individual has higher linguistic ability but still lacks social skills. Many researches now consider AS an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, it is disputed amongst researchers as to whether it is explicit from High Functioning Autism (HFA). Many characteristics of AS and HFA are†¦show more content†¦In an early scene, Adam makes Beth uncomfortable by asking if she was sexually excited during a moment in the park together. When she is visibly startled by his question, he then tells her about having AS and how the di sorder makes it difficult for him to understand other people’s thoughts. Adam explains his â€Å"mind blindness†, and how originally he believed that people felt the same way he felt all of the time, but he learned to ask in order to know what another person is thinking. Research by O’Connor (2007) indicates that this is very common for adults with AS. Like Adam, the results of O’Connor’s research show that adults with AS also had difficulty distinguishing facial and vocal expressions, especially when they were incongruent from one another. In her research, it was shown that adults with AS were able to identify isolated emotional expressions such as facial cues with relative ease, but struggled much more when pairing facial cues with contrasting tones of voice. It is also stated that the grouping of contrasting expressions may make it more difficult for social interaction (O’Connor, 2007, p. 2012). Through vignettes, the audience quickly learns Adam’s day-to-day habits. It is observed that he follows a ritualistic pattern nearly each day, eats the exact same foods, and has a deep fascination with space. Keeping repetitive manners and concentrated interests in certain subjectsShow MoreRelatedAspergers Syndrome Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesAspergers Syndrome Today there are many different types of disabilities and syndromes. When you have a child to be diagnosed with a disability or a syndrome life can suddenly become overwhelming. This is especially true if they have been diagnosed with Aspergers Syndrome. Parents sometimes feel guilty because their child has a disability or syndrome. Parents may feel that they are responsible for their childs disability or syndrome. Parents may feel guilty about their child being diagnosedRead More Asperger’s Syndrome Essay2026 Words   |  9 PagesAsperger’s syndrome is becoming more and more common as time goes by. Each year, more children are being diagnosed. This paper focuses on Asperger’s Syndrome and developing social skills in various social settings. By looking at the etiology, diagnostic procedures, how the condition effects development, daily challenges, current social/cultural views, and relevant social interventions, a better understanding on how to devel op social skills for children with Asperger’s Syndrome can ensue. TheRead MoreEssay on Aspergers Syndrome1111 Words   |  5 Pagescure for Aspergers syndrome, masking the symptoms and overcoming the challenges is possible by learning proper social skills, staying within a comfort area, and having a good support structure. A person with Aspergers syndrome faces many daily challenges, such as carrying on a conversation or looking someone in the eyes while speaking. Jacob, the main character in House Rules, by Jodi Picoult, learns to live with these challenges and function as normally as he can. Aspergers syndrome, also calledRead MoreAspergers Syndrome Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesCan you imagine a preschool age child who does not like to play games that involve use of his/her imagination? Imaginative games is one of the hallmarks of early childhood. These are some of the problems that people with Aspergers syndrome live with every day. Aspergers syndrome is a relatively new diagnosis in the DSM-IV, the manual that mental health professionals use to diagnose patients. The disorder was first included in the latest edition in 1994. It is one of the pervasive developmentalRead MoreLife of a Child with Aspergers Syndrome702 Words   |  3 PagesWhile children with Asperger’s Syndrome have an average to above average intelligence and normal cognitive abilities, they unfortunately suffer with impaired social skills. An effective treatment program will have to be tailored to fit the specific child’s Asperger’s in order for the child to be successful in managing his or her own behaviors. This form of treatment is run by a psychologist, counselor, speech pathologist, or social worker, these therapies are invaluable ways to build social skillsRead MoreEmily Comp: Aspergers Syndrome Research Paper2018 Words   |  9 PagesEmily Comp Research Paper November 18, 2012 Asperger’s Syndrome Approximately 947,570 Americans have Asperger’s Syndrome (AS), however, it is not an easy disorder to explain (Bashe 19). With multiple conditions and characteristics in each case, AS is not an easy disorder to diagnose. Asperger’s Syndrome was named after Hans Asperger, an Austrian physician, who first described the disorder in 1944 after studying a group of children with similar, unusual characteristics. However, AS was notRead MoreA Case Study of T.C.: Aspergers Syndrome Essay1943 Words   |  8 Pagesdelayed in speech. In addition, she walked on her toes, did not make eye contact with others, had a terrible fear of loud sounds, cried frequently, and was a poor sleeper. She was evaluated before her second birthday and was diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome or related pervasion developmental disorders and has profound difficulty with social interaction. She has received speech therapy, with an emphasis on social skills training, intense therapeutic therapy, a nd occupational therapy. T.C. is inRead MoreAsperger’s Syndrome: Madness, Savantism, or Genius2985 Words   |  12 Pages. Asperger’s Syndrome: Madness, Savantism, or Genius? Marilou Bauer Ottawa University Physiological Psychology PSY 31354 Dr. John Papazafiropoulos June 11, 2012 Asperger’s Syndrome: Madness, Savantism or Genius? Everyone knows, or has known, a person that could be described as a little â€Å"off†, â€Å"quirky†, or â€Å"eccentric†. That was the person who was socially inept, shy, studious, and may have had a stutter. They might have had an artistic talent, or may have seemed almost a â€Å"genius†Read MoreAnalysis Of Henry David Thoreau And Aspergers Syndrome1062 Words   |  5 Pageswhat makes his works so popular. His elaborate writing style and sharp detail in his stories, though, make him seem pretentious to many readers. However, many scholars have come to debate: Was Thoreau pretentious, or did he have Asperger’s syndrome? Asperger’s syndrome is a condition that is on the autism spectrum. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) uses three standard criteria to specify the severity of the condition. In John M. Mahoney’sRead MoreEssay on Asperger?s Syndrome1037 Words   |  5 Pages Asperger’s Syndrome Today there are many different types of disabilities and syndromes. When you have a child to be diagnosed with a disability or a syndrome life can suddenly become overwhelming. This is especially true if they have been diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome. Parents sometimes feel guilty because their child has a disability or syndrome. Parents may feel that they are responsible for their child’s disability or syndrome. Parents may feel guilty about their child being diagnosed with

Thoughts on Austens Persuasion - 1083 Words

Faith Bianchi Thomas Edison State College | March 2013 Dr. Christine Hansen One Writer’s Vision ENG-393 | Written Assignment 3 April 17, 2013 Admiral Croft who was among the nouveau rich, had the financial means to rent Kellnych from Sir Walter, one of the so-called landed gentry. How does Jane Austens treatment of class and social mobility reveal about these men and their women such as Anne Elliot and Mrs. Smith? Which group fares better and why? Class in Persuasion Jane Austen’s Persuasion challenges the notion that one’s social class determines one’s happiness. In the novel there is the upper class, which includes Sir Walter Elliot and his family; the nouveau rich, such as Admiral Croft and Captain Wentworth; and the poor†¦show more content†¦They are often seen arm-in-arm, enjoying nature or exploring the grounds at Kellynch Hall. Perhaps a somewhat unconventional couple, Admiral Croft allows his wife to take the reins in a carriage (Austen 62) and go with him on his naval journeys. When they visit Bath, they have no shortage of acquaintances who are delighted to see them (Austen 111). Genuinely lovely and loving, the Crofts, though not the main characters in the novel, outshine the others as the picture of true happiness. Anne Elliot, the protagonist, is unlike the rest of her family. While she does not completely disregard social class (for example, in thinking Mrs. Clay below her father and not suitable as a marriage partner), she does not allow class to dictate her acquaintances. At age nineteen, she falls in love with Captain Wentworth. This love does not wax or wane based on the amount of money he possesses. In Bath, Anne renews a schoolgirl friendship with Mrs. Smith, who is now a poor, crippled, helpless widow (Austen 101) that lives in the humble Westgate Buildings. At one point in the novel, Anne passes up spending time with her cousin of royalty, Lady Dalrymple, in order to honor a prior engagement with Mrs. Smith (Austen 103). While life has not been kind to Mrs. Smith, Anne observes that she is not bitter, but content: †¦Anne had reason to believe that she had moments only of languor and depression, to hours of occupation and enjoyment. How could it be?—She watched—observed—reflected—andShow MoreRelatedA Close Analysis Of Jane Austen s Persuasion1098 Words   |  5 PagesA close analysis of Jane Austen’s Persuasion (Extract 3) Many readers of Persuasion believe Austen uses the namesake â€Å"persuasion† too neutrally. She appears to passively describe the results when the protagonist is persuaded to abandon Wentworth’s first proposal, but actually has much to say on being persuadable, and mainly argues that it is not inherently wrong. Persuasion in the novel’s early chapters works in two forms: as an overpowering force on the foolish like Sir Walter, or as an importantRead More Consider the implications of the title, Persuasion Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesConsider the implications of the title, Persuasion â€Å"Something intended to induce belief or action† is how the Oxford Dictionary defines the term persuasion. To consider the implications of the title successfully, it is essential that we first understand the term persuasion within the context of the novel. The Oxford Dictionary also defines the term ‘persuade’ as â€Å"to successfully urge a person to do; to talk into or out of an action†, â€Å"to attract, lure or entice† or as â€Å"to talk earnestlyRead MoreEssay on Jane Austens Attitudes to Marriage in Persuasion1231 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austens Attitudes to Marriage in Persuasion In Persuasion, marriage is one of the major themes of the novel, and Austens attitudes towards marriage are present in chapter four of the novel. The first episode in which we can examine Austens attitudes to marriage is in chapter four. In chapter four we must notice that there is no direct speech, which shows that all of the narration is Austen, with her views and opinions being presented to us. When talking of Mr. Wentworth, AustenRead MoreEssay on Authenticity in Northanger Abbey1544 Words   |  7 Pagesnarrative closure is obvious to everybody. The advantage of being a novelist is that you can decide where you want to stop. One of the biggest differences between Austens novels and their current screen versions -- two of which were written for TV -- is that Emma Thompsons screenplay for Sense and Sensibility, Nick Dears for Persuasion and Andrew Davies for Pride and Prejudice -- unlike all of the originals -- were circumscribed first and last by material constraints For the six-part BBC PrideRead MoreJane Austens Persuasion Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesIn the early 1800s Jane Austen wrote what would be her last novel, Persuasion. Persuasion is set during the â€Å"Georgian Society† which greatly affects the characters views and actions throughout the novel. Anne Elliot and Frederick Wentworth quickly fell in love when Anne was just nineteen years old, but because he wasnt wealthy enough, Anne was not given the permission by her father, Sir Walter, to marry him. Eight years after this incident, the roles have reversed; Sir Walter has lost all of hisRead More Little Friendship in Jane Austens Persuasion Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesLittle Friendship in Austens Persuasion Jane Austens Persuasion is a dark novel. From the jolting breaks in the romantic drama--the falls of little Charles and Louisa Musgrove--to the heroines depressing existence--Anne Elliot has a great tendency to lowness (Austen 66)-- to the overall autumnal mood, the work is at times a gloomy, though always interesting, read. Perhaps its darkest facet though is the ubiquitous presence of an antagonist. While Mr. Elliot appears, most blatantlyRead MoreJane Austen s Sense And Sensibility983 Words   |  4 PagesJane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility takes a critical look at the limitations women possessed at the turn of the eighteenth century. Consequently, the success of a woman was entirely dependent on a man. In the novel, the main protagonists represent these two persuasions of thought. Elenor Dashwood, the eldest daughter in the Dashwood household, portrays sense. In contrast, her younger sister, Marianne Dashwood represents sensibility. The dichotomy of the title carri es historical significance in aRead MorePersuasion, By Jane Austen1550 Words   |  7 PagesPaper #1 Prompt #9 In Jane Austen’s Persuasion, it may appear to some readers that Austen writes from a conservative perspective that reinforces women’s submissive and inferior roles in society. Many of the female characters seem to perpetuate traditional and oppressive gender roles, and a central plot line for most of the female characters involves finding a man to marry as a means of attaining ultimate happiness. However, while there are many examples of Austen’s adherence to the social standardsRead MoreMarriage Traditions in Persuasion by Jane Austen Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesexpectations, are brought on by many different factors that include: for love, for money, for climbing social status, escapism, survival, etc. In Jane Austen’s novels, she focuses on the importance of marriage in her world because she wanted to emphasize how marriage is the most important life event of a woman as this would determine her place in society. Persuasion shows readers good and bad examples of marriage: the amiable Crofts and other couples such as Sir Walter Lady Elliot and the Smiths. Jane AustenRead MorePersuasions Two Alternate Love Endings981 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasion’s Two Alternate Love Endings Within Jane Austen’s book Persuasion, she addresses issues of wealth, class, looks, and love through her use of humor. Love plays a major role in this story because to Sir Elliot, the father of Anne Elliot, a major character, looks and one’s fortune and one’s position in society. Anne Elliot wanted to marry Captain Wentworth, however since he was poor at the time, Sir Elliot looked does upon him and did not want Anne to marry him: Anne turned down

Celtic Mythology The Otherworld - 1739 Words

When it comes to celtic literature, the ‘Otherworld’ is a common theme found throughout various genres of literature which represents a sort of ‘heaven-like’ place. In Celtic mythology the Otherworld is depicted as a supernatural world that provides abundance, joy, and everlasting youth and beauty. We typically see the Otherworld as being very elusive, but in Celtic literature some mythical heroes get the opportunity to visit the Otherworld, sometimes by invite from one of it’s inhabitants or just by a lucky chance. While the Celts themselves do not believe in the specific idea of heaven, there are many parallels between heaven and the Celt’s idea of the Otherworld. Historically, the Celts generally viewed the idea of ‘heaven’ as boring†¦show more content†¦On their voyages they experience various different hardships that they must overcome and involve a character going out and seeking revenge, but coming back and learning of forgiveness. Evidence of the concept of the Otherworld existing in Celtic literature is even seen throughout other historical narratives, with the idea of an island off the coast of Ireland existing, referred to as ‘Brasil’. This idea embodied the Irish idea of a perfect place that had a perfect climate and abundance of lavish luxuries. This idea began to extend to other countries, where explorers and conquistadors would set out in search of these mystical lands. This was the pull factor for Columbus beginning his expedition in order to find these lands which promised luxuries and perfect weather. Despite the fact that this island did not actually exist, it reiterates the concept which the Celts had instilled in their history of this idea of the Otherworld. These concepts surrounding the Otherworld are reiterated throughout Celtic literature, with the Otherworld and human world being able to coexist, with the two groups of people regularly being able to interact with one another, often times with grave consequences. However, those who inhabit the Otherworld naturally have an advantage over those in the human world and usually always win and get the revenge that they seek out. Realistically speaking, weShow MoreRelated Scandinavian Mythologies Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesFrom three different sources The Faerie Queene, The Mabinogion and Beowulf two concept, one from each Celtic and Scandinavian Mythologies can be seen. The first concept is from Scandinavian mythology and is that of the idea of redemption or dying well. The second is from Celtic mythology and is the use of the Other or Otherworld. From the two stories, The Faerie Queene and The Mabinogion, what would give the reader the greatest feeling of hope throughout them both would be the idea of comeuppanceRead MoreThe Celtic And Roman Religions Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesbelief in life after death. The druids, the early Celtic priesthood, were said by Caesar to have taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls along with astronomy and the nature and power of the gods. Transmigration is a philosophy of reincarnation incorporating the specific belief that after death, the soul of a living being is then transferred (or transmigrates) into another living form and thus takes birth again. The Irish believed in an Otherworld, which they described sometimes as undergroundRead MoreThe Order Of The White Moon Goddess Gallery Presents1705 Words   |  7 PagesDanu. It is said that the Goddess Brigid was born at the exact moment of the sunrise. It is said that she rose into the sky with the sun, rays of fire beaming from her head. In Druid mythology, the infant Goddess was fed with milk from a sacred Cow from the Otherworld. Brigit owned an apple orchard in the Otherworld, and her bees would bring their magical nectar back to earth for her. Her power is manifested through bees and there are stories that Brigit helped those in need by sending her bees towardsRead MoreEssay about The Once and Future King1411 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped out of Celtic mythology. Regardless of its origins, the Arthurian legend has done nothing but grow. The earliest mention of a possible Arthur is in the Welsh poem Gododdin, which was written circa 600 AD, in which a mighty warrior is menti oned. The Mabinogin is a collection of Welsh tales that includes a few King Arthur stories. These stories include The Spoils of Annwfn and the tale of Culhwch and Olwen. In The Spoils of Annwfn, Arthur and his followers go to the Celtic Otherworld in his PrydwennRead MoreMorgan Le Fay5287 Words   |  22 PagesBritain is in need of him. Marian Zimmer Bradley rescues Morgan le Fay from the Medieval sources, and tells the story from Morgan’s own point of view, as recently seen in the excellent movie, The Mists of Avalon, based on her novel. Celtic Story Morgan was a Celtic Queen. One of the definitions of the name Morgan is â€Å"Great Queen† (Mohr Righan), which may have been an ancient royal title. The early Celts were matriarchal, and during the transition from matriarch to patriarchy, they went by DruidicRead MoreEssay on A Conspiracy Phenomenon: Alien Abductions in the U.S.2997 Words   |  12 Pagesare thoroughly imbedded in popular US culture that, as we shall see, they are really a part of how it developed and grew. By investigating the story narrative of alien abduction accounts we can trace their possible origins in ancient folklore and mythology, and recognise how they have influenced both conspiracy theorists and popular media to become one of the most familiar parts of conspiracy culture in America. Aliens and related conspiracy theories have a symbiotic relationship to American culture;

First Grade At School - Original Writing - 1428 Words

Vincent Van Gogh once said, â€Å"Even the knowledge of my own fallibility cannot keep me from making mistakes. Only when I fall do I get up again.† This means even knowing that I am going to make mistakes will not keep me from making them. So, when I make a mistake I fix myself to not make that mistake again. I made a whole bunch of tremendous mistakes in one day when I was in sixth grade at school. Yet, I did my best to succeed to climb back up from it. I desire into never to say something without thinking again. The school district had just been going back to school after spring break, and my sisters and I were getting back from an amazing week with my father in Tennessee. It was exciting to see my friends, but I wanted to sleep in one†¦show more content†¦That was when Elisa came up to us. She started to talk to Logan. Out of nowhere, she started making fun of me, so I said a bad comment about her to Jake and Will. Logan heard what I had said and said to Elisa, â €Å"Did you just hear what Josh said about you?† Elisa replied, â€Å"No, what did he say.† I thought, please don’t tell her, I don’t want to get in trouble. He told her of course. God dang it, you just had to tell her, Logan. Elisa came up to me and said, â€Å"You know what, Josh, I’m telling Mr. Rankin on you.† She started stomping inside, and my stomach dropped below my feet. I walked around, butterflies in my stomach, hoping Elisa wouldn’t tell Mr. Rankin. When she came back outside, and told me to go into Mr. Rankin, the vice principal s office. I waited for my death sentence, while Mr. Rankin was coming upstairs after lunch. At that moment, I thought I had the best idea of my life. If I lie, he won’t believe me, so he will call Logan, Jake, and Will up to tell him what had happened. I had this plan down pat. Mr. Rankin came up to his office outraged, nevertheless he didn’t know what had happened. At first, he was understanding, and he let me speak my case. Mr. Rankin said in a stern, â€Å"What did you say to Elisa?† â€Å"Nothing,† I replied voice trembling. I knew he did not believe me one bit. â€Å"Well, Josh, I don’t really believe you. So I am going to call up your friends, and see what they have to say.† My plan was going

Case Study Neglect Free Essays

This case involves a 16 year old male and subsequently four of his younger siblings. In elementary school, the client earned â€Å"A† and â€Å"B† grades. However, this did not continue in high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study: Neglect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, the once active boy began to isolate. He stopped playing basketball and spent more time in the counselor’s office just to avoid the other children as they often made fun of him. The client began seeing the school counselor when he was ten years old. His parents were both alcoholics and were involved in using and selling illegal substances. The living conditions at home were unbearable. There was often no food, electricity, or water in the home. The client reported that the windows were only screen, leaving the home freezing. The client also reported that his parents would lock him and his siblings in their room to ensure they did not tell authorities the truth about what was going on in the house. This typically occurred when the parents got word that the police or the Department of Family Services was on their way over. There was five children in this family, the client was the oldest, four child were currently still in the home. In addition to the neglect the client experienced, he also experienced abuse. This case study mentioned one obvious incident. When the client returned to his parent’s home after staying with his aunt’s because of neglect charge, he came back to school with a broken arm. This was the only indication of physical abuse during this case study, however the client did not discuss what happened. Additional physical abuse or any other type of abuse is unknown. This client was also responsible for his siblings. He made sure they were dressed and feed for school. He also assisted his siblings with their homework. This responsibility left no time for him resulting in poor grades and his social life decreased. The client also displayed symptoms of hopelessness, suggesting depression. The school counselor made note of possible diagnoses, however, it does not appear that the counselor ever made an official diagnosis. The counselor did mention Depression as a primary diagnosis due to the client’s negative doom related vocabulary. Treating this client for depression may be helpful. To meet a diagnosis of Depression the individual must experience at least five of the following symptoms in the same two weeks: depressed mood, weight loss or gain, too much or too little sleep, increased or decreased psychomotor activity, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, poor concentration, or suicidal ideation. These symptoms must be significant enough to cause marked impairment in work or school. This client did display many of these symptoms. For example, the therapist stated that the client said the word â€Å"hopeless† often. The client also looked underweight, had difficulty in school both academically and socially, and did not receive the proper amount of sleep (DSM-IV-TR). Finally, these symptoms must be more severe than the common blues everyone experiences from time to time. While this client was probably suffering with some degree of depression, there were other factors which better explain these symptoms. This client was the victim of child neglect and abuse. As noted above the children in this family often went without their basic needs. This is a better explanation for the client’s symptoms than depression because when placed in a more nurturing environment, the client’s symptoms dissipated. The client displayed this change in behavior when the courts sent the children to the aunt’s home after the client called the Department of Family Services to file the neglect report. During this time, all the children were going to school clean and feed. The children’s homework, including the client’s was completed. This dissipation of symptoms was seen a second time when the client was placed in foster care. Again, he was going to school clean and feed and with homework completed. Once at his foster parent’s home, the client was also able to go back to playing basketball again. During the course of the client and school counselor relationship, the client saw the counselor on a weekly basis. The school counselor designed these meetings to assist the client in problem solving with regard to caring for his younger siblings. The counselor’s recognition of the client’s needs in this regard was definitely a factor in the client’s ability to make it through this difficult time. This is not always the case in turn causing the client to feel that therapy does not work. Additionally, the counselor did not push the client for information or action so a healthy relationship was able to develop. The counselor was able to slowly earn the client’s trust by showing him she was there for him. This benefited the client in a number of ways. He was able to develop a positive supportive relationship with an adult role model and he was able to gain the courage and strength to put an end to the neglect he was experiencing. As the client progressed in his problem solving and decision making skills the therapist should modify the methods and goals of the therapy sessions. Once the client moved from his biological parents and later adopted, his roles and responsibilities changed drastically. With the new family he lived as a normal child, he was clean, well feed, and rejoined the school’s basketball team. He no longer had to care for younger children in a parenting capacity. At this point therapy should move the focus to resolving the issues of abuse and neglect so the client can come to terms with his past. The use of psychoanalytic therapy would be an appropriate therapeutic method. With this type of therapy the client is able to talk out his issues. With the help of the therapist, the client will learn how to forgive and cope with these issues. What is unfortunate in this case is the fact that the other children ended up going back to the parents. Shortly after that reunification, the old ways came back. However, since the client was not there to act as the caregiver for the other children, the oldest sister took over that role. Here the cycle continues. Although the other children were not as open with the school counselor, they need close monitoring just as their bother received in the past. This close monitoring may be able to stop further neglect and abuse from occurring. Additionally, it would be wise to continue monitoring and providing therapeutic services to this client. There may still be some deep seeded issues he will need to deal with. Finally, the client will need help adjusting to his new family and the issues they have brought him, specifically the separation of his adoptive parents. In addition to ensuring that this client is adjusted in his new life, additional support and therapy can monitor the presence of future mental health related problems. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is often seen in individuals who have experienced abuse. Because of the life situations this client had endured as a child, he is susceptible for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. If this disorder develops, the client will experience flashback type symptoms. This may hinder his ability to cope with past and future life events. Additional problems associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder include impulsive behaviors, insomnia, nightmares, avoidance issues, poor concentration, hypervigilance, and increased startle response. Because Posttraumatic Stress Disorder occurs after the individual experiences the trauma, symptoms may not appear until later in adulthood. Also common in individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is alcoholism and substance abuse. Again, this client is at a higher risk for these issues because of the genetic component of both alcoholism and substance abuse. A diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence includes behaviors that include neglect of responsibilities. Individuals who abuse alcohol also will continue to use despite the fact that they know it is causing problems in their life both physically and socially. With continued therapy and support, the client will be able to work out these childhood issues and therefore decrease the probability of future problems. Continued support will also give the client the skills necessary to cope with life’s stressful events. The client will be equipped with the tools need to deal with his problems in a healthy way as opposed to turning to drugs and alcohol. Continued therapy will also allow the client to work out any feelings he may have regarding his siblings who were sent back to his parents. This aspect was not noted in the case study; however, he may harbor feelings of guilt or regret, knowing that his siblings are still in a neglectful situation. It would also be beneficial to the client to join support groups in order to increase his support system. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: Author.       How to cite Case Study: Neglect, Free Case study samples

Statistical Thinking In Healthcare - Solution is Just a Click Away

Question: Write an essay on Statistical Thinking in Healthcare? Answer: Statistical thinking in Healthcare In this case, study the main issue found in the HMO pharmacy is the medication error. Although it is found that the pharmacy showed low dispensing errors, the pharmacy needs to improve their distribution systems, which is still very important because a small mistake in medicine dispense can trigger a huge problem, which in turn can trigger a large amount of lawsuits on the company (Andersen, 2006). From researches, it is found that there can be minimum six types of medication error take place in a pharmacy set up. The medication errors may include prescription error, dispensing error, prescribing faults, across setting errors, transcription errors, and administration errors. Among all of these errors, it is observed that dispensing errors are the most common type of errors takes place in the pharmacy. A dispensing error is recognized as the incongruity between a prescription provided by the doctor and medicines delivered by the pharmacy. The dispensing error may also include the dispensing of the prescribed medicines with informational quality or inferior pharmaceuticals. The dispensing error is called as the quality marker of a pharmacy; therefore, this may also include failure to detect an error of manufacturing before dispensing the medicines as well as the failure of the pharmacy in order to provide sufficient patient counseling (Anacleto et al., 2007). Development of a process map about prescription filling process There are different categories of dispensing errors, such as dispensing medicine with incorrect compound, dispensing medicine in the wrong dose, dispensing wrong medicines, dispensing wrong medicines with wrong levels, etc (Anacleto et al., 2005). A process map is developed about the process of prescription filling for HMO pharmacy, where specified problems are shown that may be faced by the HMO pharmacy. Analyzation of the SIPOC map Below, the SIPCO (supplier, input, process steps, output, and customer) model is used to analyze the business process of HMO pharmacy. The dispensing error of the company could be find out by using "root-cause analysis" or by conducting a survey of the pharmacists (Fontan et al., 2003). It is found that root-cause analysis is considered as more realistic than other methods as it follows survey among the pharmacists. Figure: Process Map for filling a Prescription at HMO Pharmacy Based on the process map and researches about the medication error it can be said that the process can be further divided into other categories, which may include Ordering the medicine, transcribing the prescription, dispensing the medication and administration of the medication (Karande et al., 2005). According to the previous research, error can take place in any of the four steps. Strategies used to reduce the drug dispensing error of HMO pharmacy From the previous research, it is noticed that many methods and strategies can be taken by the pharmacies in order to reduce the dispensing error. Many tools could be used in order to collect the data analyze them in order to analyze the business problem. To collect the important data, a direct survey (primary data collection) can be used and analyze the data by the quantitative data analysis (Primary data analysis system) system (Bates, 2000). From researches, I found four strategies, which are important to reduce the dispensing errors. The first process dispensed can occur for the new patients with specific medication orders, which are not available from automated dispensing cabinets. When the missing prescription is again faxed, it is found that the chances of incorrectly filled orders automatically enhanced from 2.2 to 2.4%. The second dispensing process may be an automated dispensing cabinet fill. The rate of incorrectly filling order could be reduced by using this process. The third part could be interdepartmental request fill (Fortescue et al., 2003). In this case, it is observed that when orders came from hospitals and clinics which are affiliated with the pharmacy the rate of error reduces almost 50%. According to the third strategy, it is found that if a hospital or clinic ventured to implement an automated pharmacy system, then it could also be proved as beneficial in order to reduce the medication error. The pharmacy can use their bar code scanner to avoid medication error. From the last strategy, it can be said that implementation of a fully computerized system in the pharmacy about the drug-drug reaction can set alert to the pharmacists. From the research, four strategies were found that are helpful to recover the HMO pharmacy from its current position (Bond Raehl, 2001). To reduce the dispensing errors by this company, the authority can use more than one strategy. However, depending on the collected data from the previous researches it can be said that the pharmacy needs to implement the fully computerized system. The management of HMO can file up each and every prescription from the patients. Besides, the authority can use bar code system in order to decrease the overlapping or misread of the medication names. On the other hand, the pharmacy can improve a little in their distribution system. References Anacleto, T. A., Perini, E., Rosa, M. B., Csar, C. C. (2007). Drug-dispensing errors in the hospital pharmacy.Clinics,62(3), 243-250. Anacleto, T. A., Perini, E., Rosa, M. B., Csar, C. C. (2005). Medication errors and drug-dispensing systems in a hospital pharmacy.Clinics,60(4), 325-332. Andersen, S. E. (2006). [Drug dispensing errors].Ugeskrift for lger,168(48), 4185-4188. Bates, D. W. (2000). 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