Sub-Prime Mortgages and the Death of the American Dream Essay example

Sub-Prime Mortgage: The Snowball Effect Intermediate Macroeconomics Sub-prime mortgages were a lucrative new market idea, pushed by the government, executed by the lending institutions, in order to provide everyone the American Dream. During the expanding economy, this dream became a reality—untested and unchecked—as low interest rates fueled the desire of investors to make dreams come true! Ultimately, the vicissitudes of the economy turned downward and the snowball effect began while financial sectors and investors scrambled to catch the falling knife. While history is being written this very day and hindsight is 20/20, we can reflect on the ideologies and policies that brought forth the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. At the birth of the sub-prime mortgage market, investors and lending institutions had found a way for more families to live the American Dream while they were able to profit. The economy was booming, the unemployment rate was low, and the demand for housing was high due to low interest rates. The idea was that lenders were willing to accept more risk by financing homes with less equity to those that were not creditworthy. The incentive to the lender was a higher interest rate to the consumer, while expecting a higher foreclosure rate. Due to the high demand for housing, assets were also appreciating decreasing the implied risk. Add in the origination fees, suddenly the entire proposition became very profitable. In theory, the market assumed an annual foreclosure rate of 8% with the average loss due to foreclosure being 30%. Over a $1.2 trillion market pool, the predicted foreclosures would only cost a mere 2.4% implied loss from gross revenues. If the subprime homeowner†™s a... ...e leaders and thorough oversight, our economy should bounce back with another painful lesson learned. References Petroff, Eric. â€Å"Who is to Blame for the Subprime Crisis?† 2007. Investopedia. October 5, 2008. http://investopedia.com/printable.asp?a=/articles/07/subprime-blame.asp Amerman, Daniel. â€Å"The Subprime Crisis is Just Starting.† March 20, 2008. Financial Sense University. October 5, 2008. http://www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/amerman/2008/0320.html Bajaj, Vikas and Story, Louise. â€Å"Mortgage Crisis Spreads Past Subprime Loans.† February 12, 2008. The New York Times. October 5, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/12/business/12credit.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print Barnes, Ryan. â€Å"The Fuel that Fed the Subprime Meltdown.† 2007. Investopedia. October 5, 2008. http://investopedia.com/printable.asp?a=/articles/07/subprime-overview.asp Sub-Prime Mortgages and the Death of the American Dream Essay example Sub-Prime Mortgage: The Snowball Effect Intermediate Macroeconomics Sub-prime mortgages were a lucrative new market idea, pushed by the government, executed by the lending institutions, in order to provide everyone the American Dream. During the expanding economy, this dream became a reality—untested and unchecked—as low interest rates fueled the desire of investors to make dreams come true! Ultimately, the vicissitudes of the economy turned downward and the snowball effect began while financial sectors and investors scrambled to catch the falling knife. While history is being written this very day and hindsight is 20/20, we can reflect on the ideologies and policies that brought forth the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. At the birth of the sub-prime mortgage market, investors and lending institutions had found a way for more families to live the American Dream while they were able to profit. The economy was booming, the unemployment rate was low, and the demand for housing was high due to low interest rates. The idea was that lenders were willing to accept more risk by financing homes with less equity to those that were not creditworthy. The incentive to the lender was a higher interest rate to the consumer, while expecting a higher foreclosure rate. Due to the high demand for housing, assets were also appreciating decreasing the implied risk. Add in the origination fees, suddenly the entire proposition became very profitable. In theory, the market assumed an annual foreclosure rate of 8% with the average loss due to foreclosure being 30%. Over a $1.2 trillion market pool, the predicted foreclosures would only cost a mere 2.4% implied loss from gross revenues. If the subprime homeowner†™s a... ...e leaders and thorough oversight, our economy should bounce back with another painful lesson learned. References Petroff, Eric. â€Å"Who is to Blame for the Subprime Crisis?† 2007. Investopedia. October 5, 2008. http://investopedia.com/printable.asp?a=/articles/07/subprime-blame.asp Amerman, Daniel. â€Å"The Subprime Crisis is Just Starting.† March 20, 2008. Financial Sense University. October 5, 2008. http://www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/amerman/2008/0320.html Bajaj, Vikas and Story, Louise. â€Å"Mortgage Crisis Spreads Past Subprime Loans.† February 12, 2008. The New York Times. October 5, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/12/business/12credit.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print Barnes, Ryan. â€Å"The Fuel that Fed the Subprime Meltdown.† 2007. Investopedia. October 5, 2008. http://investopedia.com/printable.asp?a=/articles/07/subprime-overview.asp

Essay --

The 20th century was a pivotal time period for psychology. During this time period many sub-disciplines of psychology were created which in essence contributed to the growth and further development of psychology. One of those sub-disciplines of psychology that seems to constantly grow and has gained momentum over the years has been forensic psychology. Although Munsterberg was not the first to suggest that psychology should be applied to the law, instead it was Freud in 1906 during a speech to an Australian judge that there are factors within psychology that should be applied to the law. Although he was the man behind the discovery of forensic psychology and several other sub-disciplines of psychology. Munsterberg developed a Psychology lab in Harvard in 1892. Munsterberg managed to overcome obstacles and criticism and committed to the development of psychology and not only its sub-disciplines. Forensic psychology is such a complex sub-discipline of psychology, and this complexity makes it difficult to define. The simplest way to define forensic psychology would have to be: sub-di...

Succession Planning

CASE STUDY ON SUCCESSION PLANNING AT RANBAXY Formation of the Company: Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited was started by Ranbir Singh and Gurbax Singh in 1937 as a distributor for a Japanese company Shionogi. The name Ranbaxy is a combination of the names of its first owners Ranbir and Gurbax. Bhai Mohan Singh bought the company in 1952 from his cousins Ranbir and Gurbax. After Bhai Mohan Singh's son Parvinder Singh joined the company in 1967, the company saw an increase in scale. Summary of the Case Study: Ranbaxy ranks No. 1with a 2007 turnover of Rs 4,198. 96 crore (Rs 41. 89 billion) by sales, Ranbaxy is the largest pharmaceutical company in India. The case discusses about the CEO succession planning controversy at Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, one of India's largest pharmaceutical company. The founder of Ranbaxy Mr. Bhai Mohan Singh established this company in 1961. By 1967 his son Dr. Parvinder Singh (Dr. Singh) joined the company and worked hard to take the company to great heights, by 1982 he became the Managing Director of his company. Since the retirement of Mr. Bhai Mohan Singh in 1993, his son (Dr. Singh) took full control of the company’s business affairs.Dr. Singh adopted highly professional work standards and was well known for his commitment to corporate governance and corporate ethics. Although it was a family owned business, Ranbaxy was managed and run by professional managers. He wanted to internationalise Ranbaxy in order to transform it into a multinational pharma giant, to accomplish this task, he carefully chose a team of professionals. He retired in the year 1998 after he was been detected to be suffering from cancer. At his day of retirement, he chose Devinder Singh Brar (D. S. Brar) as the MD and CEO of the company. Dr.Singh wanted his sons (Malvinder Singh and Shivinder Singh) to earn their positions through hard work and merit to enter their company. Devinder Singh Brar (Brar) had joined Ranbaxy in 1977 as a business development man ager. A thorough professional and hard worker, he soon rose through the company's ranks to become one of Dr Singh's most important and trusted men. Dr Singh had the overreaching vision for his company; he reportedly relied on Brar's knowledge and professionalism to implement it. In the early 1990s, differences cropped up between Dr Singh and Bhai Mohan Singh over the growth route the former was charting for the company.Dr Singh wanted to take the risk of investing huge amounts into basic R and in expanding operations to other countries. Brar supported Dr Singh's vision of internationalising the company by setting up operations in various countries like China, US, Ireland, and others in Europe. In the late 1990s, Brar chalked out a strategy to shift half the company's business to the US, a decision which was staunchly opposed by members of the Singh family. Questions: 1) Was Brar’s decision to step down as the CEO a forced one or a personal choice? When Brar took over as Ranba xy’s MD and CEO, the company did not have any family representation on the board.It was a company managed by professionals. His leadership and managerial skills were responsible for the company's excellent performance in both the domestic and the international markets. In 2002, Ranbaxy was one of the fastest growing pharmaceutical companies in the US and was very close to achieving the $1 billion revenue mark in 2004. However, there were other analysts who believed that Brar's resignation would not affect the company's performance. This was because he had laid down a well-crafted vision (Garuda Vision) for the company and the strategies to execute that vision had already been put in place.In the given case study it clearly states that there has been a big misunderstanding between Brar and the promoter (Bhai Mohan Singh) over Dr. Singh’s vision of shifting half the company over to US, this decision was strongly opposed by Bhai Mohan Singh. Regardless of this opposition, Brar went ahead with Dr. Singh’s plan and made the company to emerge in the top level in the international market globally. Therefore, his decision to step down as the CEO is both a forced one and a personal choice. The forced one is not shown directly but it is indirectly indicated by Bhai Mohan Singh which led Brar to step down on his own (personal choice).Below is a paragraph to prove that Brar’s decision was both a forced one and a personal choice. Commenting on the conflicting views in the media regarding this issue, an analyst remarked, â€Å"We feel that this slight aberration is mainly because of the sentimental issues involved. † According to Business Today Magazine dated July 1999, for six years, Bhai Mohan Singh has harboured a major grouse; he attributes the fallout with his son to certain †elements† in the company. †I realise that some people in Ranbaxy influenced his (Parvinder's) mind,† he says, while refusing to divulge t heir identities.Therefore, the patriarch is apprehensive that history might be repeated. Two other things bother Bhai Mohan Singh. How would Brar & Co. decide to induct Malvinder without grooming him and giving him a chance to prove himself in a responsible position? He warns: †If things go wrong, I will intervene. † And what will happen to Ranbaxy once Brar retires by 2004? In an interview to BT last year, Brar, 46, said: †I am going to give up all the executive powers when I turn 51 years. † Other possible reasons for Brar to step down: He might be unwilling to continue the role within the company, because of the disinterest shown and the dispute between Bhai Mohan Singh and him. ?He might indicate the conclusion of a contract or time – limited project which was Dr. Singh’s vision of internationalising the company and also set the company for a bigger goal of reaching $1 billion in sales by 2004 (Dr. Singh’s Vision) and Brar planned it out strategically and successfully. Brar helped the company to emerge successfully to achieve Dr. Singh’s vision; by 2002 Ranbaxy’s sales turnover was Rs. 39. 4 billion.In December 2003, Ranbaxy’s consolidated revenues crossed Rs. 44 billion ($960 million). Brar comfortably lead the company towards accomplishing its goal of earning $1 billion in revenues by 2004. ?In the case study it indicates clearly that he wants to look at other opportunities. He said â€Å"Having fulfilled my role in the company, I would like to devote my time to other pursuits in the next 10-15 years of my working life† Therefore, Brar’s decision to step down was both forced shown indirectly and his personal choice. 2)Between Tempest and Malvinder who will be a better successor at Ranbaxy and why?

Is the Use of the Death Penalty Justice and Is It Fair Essay

It is fair to say that capital punishment is under attack, particularly in the South where it is most commonly practiced. Not only have serious criticisms been raised by scholars in criminal justice, criminology and related disciplines, but newspapers have published scathing news reports suggesting that innocent people have been sentenced to death and even executed, and alleging racial discrimination in capital punishment practice. According to Robinson (2011), four basic facts establish the realities of American capital punishment. The first is that capital punishment is practiced in most but not all United States jurisdictions. Specifically, there are 34 states with the death penalty, and 16 without. The federal government also maintains capital punishment, as does the military, but the District of Columbia does not carry out executions. However, of these death penalty jurisdictions, only nine regularly carry out an execution, meaning they have averaged at least one execution a year since 1976 when capital punishment was reinstated; thus only about one-quarter (26%) of death penalty states (nine of 34) and 18% of all states in the country (nine of 50) average one or more executions per year. Further, only one state has carried out at least ten executions per year since 1976, Texas. In fact, only about 10% of counties with the death penalty imposed a death sentence between the years 2004 and 2009. Justice is typically defined as administering and maintaining what is just or right. Robinson (2011) says that there are three broad issues discussed and debated by scholars of justice theory: freedom, welfare, and virtue. Some justice theorists argue that what matters most for deciding what is right or just is freedom; whether individual rights are respected and protected. Another school of thought is the egalitarian libertarians. These scholars suggest that what matters most for justice is equality of opportunity in society and taking care of the least advantaged citizens. Other justice theorists focus on welfare, or general well-being and happiness of people in society. They argue that what matters most for justice is the welfare of society, or its overall happiness. Finally, other justice theorists argue that what matters most for justice is virtue, or moral goodness and righteousness. The purpose of the death penalty is incapacitation, deterrence, and retribution. Incapacitation is understood as removing the ability of offenders to commit future crimes. Incarceration is the typical form whereas execution is the ultimate form. Deterrence refers to creating fear in would be offenders through punishment to prevent future crimes. Capital punishment can only be aimed at preventing crime by would-be murderers, general deterrence, since it cannot create fear in murderers who have already been executed, specific deterrence. Retribution refers to righting or rebalancing the scales of justice through punishment in order to achieve justice for crime victims. Executions are often depicted as retribution for the crime of murder, as well as a source of closure for murder victims’ families. Robinson (2011) claims that criminologists and capital punishment scholars overwhelmingly indicate that the death penalty fails to achieve these goals, mostly because of the rarity of death sentences and executions. Logically, if death sentences and executions were more common, capital punishment would be more likely to achieve these goals. Yet we also know that the more frequently the death penalty is used, the greater the costs associated with the policy, including not only additional financial costs but also a greater risk of convicting, sentencing to death, and executing the innocent. This ultimately has great significance for the â€Å"justice† of capital punishment. Van Den Haag (1986) says that the death penalty is an effective form of deterrence because it is feared more than life imprisonment. Many of the convicts under death sentence appeal their sentence and try to get it reduced to life imprisonment. Van Den Haag argues that even though there is no factual evidence that the death penalty deters would be criminals more than life imprisonment, the fact that more people fear the death penalty makes it a better deterrent. Reiman (1985) agrees with Robinson’s view that the use of the death penalty is not successful as a deterrent. He gives four main reasons that refute Van Den Haag’s argument. His first reason is that although people fear the death penalty more than life in prison, nobody wants to spend life in prison either. People do not have the mentality that they can commit a crime because they will â€Å"only† get sentenced to life in prison. Although the person will be alive, they will have all freedom taken from them, which after awhile, can be seen just as horrible, if not worse, than death. Reiman’s second point is that if a person is contemplating committing a crime, they are already facing an enormous risk of being killed in the process. Roughly 500 to 700 suspected felons are killed by police in the line of duty every year and many Americans own their own guns. When taking that into account, it does not seem very likely that the would be criminal will be able to commit the crime without at least being injured by the police or the would be victim. His third reason against Van Den Haag’s view is that using the death penalty is hypocritical. The law states that a person cannot take the life of another, but when they do, their punishment could be death. It is not possible to say murder is illegal and then have it as a possible punishment. He argues that not having the death penalty better exemplifies that idea that murder is wrong. His last point is that it is illogical to practice the death penalty simply because it is feared more than life imprisonment. He says that people would fear death by torture more than lethal injection, so does that mean we should begin the practice of death by torture because more people are afraid of it? Unless it can be proven that the death penalty is a better deterrent than life in prison, Reiman (1985) argues that the death penalty should be abolished. Robinson (2011) says that as for the issue of innocence, there is little doubt that people are wrongly convicted of murder every year and that a handful are even sentenced to death. More than 130 people have been freed from death row during the era of â€Å"super due process† that began in 1976 when the US Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment. Wrongful convictions often occur due to honest errors such as mistaken eyewitness testimony and faulty forensic evidence, but when they occur due to issues such as: false confessions, lying informants, government misconduct, and ineffective defense counsel. There is also little doubt that innocent people have even been executed, although most of the known cases are from prior to the era of super due process in capital sentencing. There remain at least eight widely known cases where men have been recently executed despite serious doubts about their actual guilt. On the issue of executing the innocent, Van Den Haag (1986), makes the argument that the advantages of using the death penalty as a punishment outweigh the unintended losses. He states, â€Å"Miscarriages of justice are offset by the moral benefits and the usefulness of doing justice (139). His argument is that mistakes have and do occur in innocent people being sentenced to death, but the benefits of using it are more important. It would be more of a detriment to society to stop the use of the death enalty than it is when an innocent person is executed. In regards to race, America’s death penalty has always been plagued by serious racial biases. Little evidence remains of the historic discrimination by race of defendant, although state-specific anecdotal evidence suggests blacks are still occasionally discriminated against, especially when accused of killing whites and when juries are overwhelmingly white. Robinson (2011) says that most experts now point to a â€Å"race of victim† effect, whereby killers of whites are far more likely to be sentenced to death and executed than killers of other races and. For example, a comprehensive study of race and the death penalty in North Carolina showed that killers of whites were more than three times more likely to receive death sentences than killers of blacks. In the state, 80% of those people executed since 1976 killed white people; only about 40% of North Carolina homicide victims are white. Further, a study of capital punishment practice in the state from 1999 to 2006 found that blacks who killed whites were 14 times more likely to be sentenced to death than whites who killed blacks. Also, there were six executions of blacks who killed whites during the time period, yet zero executions of whites who killed blacks. Van Den Haag’s (2011) stance on the distribution of the death penalty being discriminatory is that â€Å"punishments are imposed on persons, not on racial or economic groups† (138). The death penalty is not specifically issued to certain races. It depends on the crime that the person committed. Van Den Haag also says, â€Å"Justice requires that as many of the guilty as possible be punished, regardless of whether others have avoided punishment. To let these others escape the deserved punishment does not do justice to them, or to society. But it is not unjust to those who could not escape it† (139). Van Den Haag does not view the fact that black people or other minorities receive the death penalty more than whites as being unjust. However, what is unjust is the white people who were not sentenced to death when they should have been. Given these important empirical realities of the death penalty, the next issue to address is which of them are relevant for the â€Å"justice† of capital punishment practice. As noted earlier, it depends on which theory of justice is being referred to. Libertarians ask whether capital punishment respects liberty or freedom. The most important question for egalitarians is whether capital punishment practice is equal or applied in an equal fashion. For utilitarians, the most important question is whether capital punishment increases overall utility or happiness in society. Finally, for virtue-based theorists, the question is whether capital punishment respects and promotes our values, our moral goodness, and whether it is the right thing to do. The questions above do not have universal answers. Everybody will have his or her own opinions on whether the death penalty respects a person’s freedom or whether it is the right thing to do. Reiman, Robinson and Van Den Haag all made successful and convincing arguments so it is hard to determine one view as more convincing than the other. It comes down to a personal choice and what a person chooses to believe as to whether the death penalty is fair and a proper form of justice.

A comparison between Annie Barrows Potato Peel Pie Society and Mary Ann Shaffers Awakenings in The Guernsey Literary

A comparison between Annie Barrows' Potato Peel Pie Society and Mary Ann Shaffer's Awakenings in The Guernsey Literary Awakenings in The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society In the novel The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows, writer Juliet Ashton falls in love with Guernsey, an island in the English Channel occupied by Germany during World War II. One day, she receives a letter from stranger Dawsey Adams about a book he acquired that once belonged to her. They exchange more letters and Juliet gathers more information of the island’s book club: The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society. As several other members of the society begin to write to her, Juliet becomes drawn to the world of these islands and believes she has found a new topic for her next book. Throughout the story, characters experience awakenings and changes in attitude that play a part in making life changing decisions. While still living in London, Juliet begins dating Mark Reynolds, a publisher visiting from America. Mark treats her to lavish dinners and various other extravagant dates, which Juliet enjoys since she would not be able to provide these things for herself in these trying times. After two months of dating, Mark asks Juliet to marry him. She then discovers it is not Mark she is attracted to but his wealth. She finds that their personalities are not at all compatible and she cannot possibly have a future with this man, no matter how handsome or rich he may be. About two weeks after giving Juliet time to think, Mark’s patience runs out and refuses to take no for answer no matter how long it may take to get a yes, telling her, â€Å"We’re right together – you make me happy, you never bore me, you’re interested in the things I’m interested in, and I hope I’m not deluded when I say I think the same is true is for you. We belong together. I know yo u loathe it when I tell you I know what’s best for you, but in this case, I do.† (153) The next day, Juliet leaves for Guernsey much to the dismay of Mark and proudly leaves behind the thought of a life of fame and fortune, although she still may not be aware of what she really wants for her future. Shortly after receiving her first letter from Dawsey, Juliet becomes fascinated with the interesting story of The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society and begins exchanging letters with its other members. She soon discovers that the most compelling member of the society is their founder Elizabeth. Every person who writes to Juliet adds to story of Elizabeth’s extraordinary life. As punishment for helping a polish slave worker, she was been deported from Guernsey and the islanders later hear that she was killed later at a concentration camp trying to save someone else’s life. So captivated by the stories that the letters deliver, Juliet decides to travel to Guernsey herself. After leaving London for Guernsey, Juliet experiences something new to her, the feeling of belonging. Although the death of Elizabeth proves to be devastating for them, in the end they all grow closer because of it. Wanting more of this rare feeling for her, Juliet agrees to become the care taker of Elizabeth’s daughter, Kit. She treats her as she would with her own child and quickly falls in love with her. She develops her relationship with Dawsey and very often hangs around the society members and is able to converse with them as if she has known them for years. Despite only living in Guernsey two months, Juliet now sees it as a real home, saying she â€Å"would never marry [Mark] or anyone else who didn’t love Kit and Guernsey†¦Ã¢â‚¬  After deciding that this is the life she wants, she makes the decision to stay in Guernsey and without hesitation asks Dawsey to marry her. In The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society, characters make life-changing decisions after experiencing awakenings and changes in attitude due to changes in environment and the actions of others. Before first writing to Dawsey, Juliet was very dissatisfied with her life. She did not have many friends to talk with and was struggling to find a new topic for her book. After leaving Mark behind, Juliet decides that the glamorous idea of life that she once had is not what she really desires. Being welcomed to Guernsey with open arms from the society members showed her what she really needs in order to be happy with her life: the feeling of family. Juliet’s relationship with Dawsey and the islanders shows us that love is sometimes where we least expect it.

Statute and Case Law Relationship Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statute and Case Law Relationship Paper - Essay Example The Eleventh September outrage generated a lot of ill will in America and a few instances of discrimination did take place. One such incident was the firing of a hotel manager whose father had migrated to the USA from the United Arab Republic, who filed a discriminatory case in which he pleaded that his employment was terminated because of his national origin. The facts of this case are that, Karim El Raheb, of Egyptian origin, was fired by Pesce Ltd Restaurant shortly after the Al Qaeda terrorists committed atrocities in New York and Washington on the 11th of September 2001. The U.S. EEOC sued Pesce, Ltd., under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, n.d). The EEOC in its plea argued that soon after these terrorist attacks, Damian C. Mandola the Co-Owner of Pesce's started to make frequent references within the hearing of the restaurant staff and customers that Mr. El-Raheb looked like a person of Spanish Origin and that he should change his name to sound like a Latin name. Mandola blamed El-Raheb for the decline in earnings after the terrorist attacks and fired him in November 2001.

The objective of the marriage statutes and same sex marriage Essay

The objective of the marriage statutes and same sex marriage - Essay Example tural justice for those responsible for formulating the statutes were expected to have foreseen the problem and adequately address it even before it happened. There is no way the marriage statutes could forbid same sex marriage giving clear definitions of marriage and what society should take it to be in some clause and then intentionally give another contrary idea of what marriage is in its subsequent definitions of marriage without raising any debate (Eskridge, 2001, 853-881). The idea of the marriage licensing laws not prohibiting same sex marriage can be taken as an intention to undermine the inefficiency of grammar in those laws to completely substantiate the object of the encompassing or parent law which is the marriage statute, the object being protection of marriage between people of different sexes for purpose of procreation. This led to existence of a loophole where people of differing opinions could create grounds of making believe the constitutional law is ambiguous in it s intentions thereby creating a constitutional avenue through which same sex marriage thrive (Snyder, 2006, 35). By passing that law the intention of the law was subverted and ordinary and approved use of language principle of interpretation of law was misused to beat the very intention of the law. The intention of the marriage statute is clear; the marriage licensing laws are a mere branch through which the objectives of the marriage act are attained and implemented. The marriage statute does not have a provision to indicate that it might have any other differing opinion based on how it substance is interpreted in its subsequent implementation. The meaning of marriage in the laws of Massachusetts can be taken to be silent and its true intent can only be arrived at when subjected to... This essay analyzes that the court's solution to this case far exceeded its jurisdiction mandated by article 30. It amounted to statutory revision when the court interpreted the gender-specific language as gender neutral which resulted into a statutory revision that replaced the intent of the legislature with that of the court.  This essay analyzes that the court's solution to this case far exceeded its jurisdiction mandated by article 30. It amounted to statutory revision when the court interpreted the gender-specific language as gender neutral which resulted into a statutory revision that replaced the intent of the legislature with that of the court.   It is clear that same-sex marriage has always been forbidden under the marriage statutes and that the court of Massachusetts abrogated the purpose of the substantive due process which is to protect existing rights and not create new ones, to deter government intrusion and not invite it. The Court should not have sanctioned same-s ex marriages giving a rationale that denying such a right would be tantamount to denying other rights such as raising children that are accorded under marriage. The legislature needs to have had some rationale basis to conclude that family structures of such nature have not been sufficiently concluded to be an equivalent of marital family structure that has established itself as a successful one through out history. People have the right to raise children in any manner of family structure as long as they don’t pause any danger to them socially psychologically or otherwise.